The majority of golfers (including professionals) use a putter for 40% of all shots in a typical round.

Putting is something which really improves with practice. This is also the easiest aspect of the game to practice. Although it is always best to practice on a real golf green, there are a number of training aids which can be used to simulate the putting environment at home. One of which is the SKLZ Accelerator (which I review here: SKLZ Accelerator Putting Mat Review).

Here is a good short putting technique video which I found. It covers all of basics of putting in less than 3 minutes.

The Fundamentals of Putting (Basics)

• Make sure your grip is perfect. 
• Aim your club face at your target and sole the putter head directly behind the ball.
• Position your eyes over the ball and down the target line. 
• Set your shoulders, hips, knees and feet all parallel to the target line. 
• Your hands should be directly under your shoulders and you should have a slight bend in your elbows. 
• Ball position will be 2 inches inside your left heel.
• Your forearms must be parallel to each other, maintaining the same place throughout the stroke.
• Keep your head still while maintaining the angle in your right wrist throughout the stroke.